Author
Samy Ben Sadok
Founder, GEO ToolboxBarcelona, Spain
I'm Samy Ben Sadok, founder of GEO Toolbox and an SEO and growth strategist with over a decade of experience, having led more than 150 projects across some of the most competitive industries, including crypto and CBD. Based in Barcelona, I host the Collaborator.pro podcast and write GEO Toolbox's research on generative engine optimization and getting brands cited in AI search engines like ChatGPT, Perplexity, and Google AI Overviews.
Articles by Samy
37 articles
How Does ChatGPT Actually Work? The Transformer, in Plain English
How does ChatGPT work? The honest mechanism: tokens, embeddings, attention, and next-token prediction, and what each step means for your AI visibility.
What Are Tokens in AI? Why ChatGPT Miscounts Strawberry
What are tokens in AI? The chunks models read instead of words, why they make ChatGPT miscount letters, and what tokenization means for AI visibility.
What Is RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)?
RAG (retrieval-augmented generation) is the engine behind AI search. What it is, how it works, and how to be the content that gets retrieved and cited.
Content Chunking: What It Means and What Google Says to Skip
Content chunking is a real RAG-pipeline concept and a shaky SEO tactic. What Google's AI guide says to skip, and what page structure still earns citations.
Schema Markup for AI Search: What It Does and Doesn't Do
Schema markup for AI search, minus the hype: which engines actually use JSON-LD, what the studies show, the types worth adding, and how to verify it arrived.
What Are Vector Embeddings? How They Shape What AI Search Cites
Vector embeddings explained for SEOs: how AI search engines turn content into vectors, retrieve passages by similarity, and what you can actually optimize.
How ChatGPT Cites Sources (and Why It Gets Them Wrong)
How ChatGPT cites sources: what a citation is, how it decides what to cite, why so many citations are wrong, and how to track which sources it shows you.
ChatGPT vs Perplexity: How Each Finds and Cites Sources
ChatGPT vs Perplexity, compared on what matters for visibility: how each retrieves, ranks, and cites sources, and how to get your brand into both answers.
Profound Pricing: What It Costs in 2026 (and Is It Worth It)
Profound pricing reconciled tier by tier: the $99 Starter, $399 Growth, and custom enterprise plans, the June 2026 shift to public prices, and whether it is worth it.
Answer Engine Optimization Best Practices: A 2026 Checklist
Answer engine optimization best practices for 2026, as a checklist you can audit a page against. Each practice marked tested or claimed, reachability first.
Agentic Browsers Are Here: Is Your Site Agent-Ready?
Comet, ChatGPT Atlas, and Gemini now navigate and buy on your site for users. Here's what breaks, how to make your website agent-ready, and how to check.
AI Share of Voice: How to Measure Your Slice of AI Answers
AI share of voice is your slice of brand mentions in AI answers vs competitors. How to calculate it, what counts as good, and why the denominator is the catch.
What Is an AI Visibility Score (and How It's Calculated)
An AI visibility score rates how often AI engines mention your brand, 0-100. What it measures, how it's calculated, what counts as good, and why tools disagree.
GEO Services vs Software: Hire an Agency or Use a Tool?
Compare GEO services vs software: what a generative engine optimization agency does, what GEO tools cost, and how to choose between hiring out and DIY in 2026.
GPTBot: What It Crawls and How to Allow or Block It
GPTBot is OpenAI's training crawler. What it crawls, how to allow or block it in robots.txt, and why blocking GPTBot does not remove you from ChatGPT search.
llms.txt: What It Is and Whether It's Actually Worth It
llms.txt is suddenly everywhere. The honest, evidence-backed answer to what it is, what Google actually says about it, and whether your site needs one.
AI Crawlers: The List of AI Bots & How to Control Them
AI crawlers fetch your pages for ChatGPT, Claude, Perplexity, and Google. The list of every major AI bot, what each does, and how to control it in robots.txt.
AI Content Optimization: Writing Pages LLMs Cite (2026)
AI content optimization, the writing-craft version: structure sentences, frame data, and add the originality that gets a page cited by ChatGPT and Perplexity.
AI Overview Tracker: Tools, Free Methods, and What They Miss
Track Google's AI Overviews in 2026: the metrics that matter, free methods, the best AI Overview trackers compared, plus AI Mode and the check most tools miss.
AI Rank Tracker: How to Track Your Brand Across AI Engines
An AI rank tracker monitors your brand across ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini, and AI Overviews. Why a single AI rank is a myth and what to track instead.
AI Visibility Audit: How to Run One (Step-by-Step Checklist)
An AI visibility audit checks whether AI engines can reach, read, and cite your site. A step-by-step process, a free checker, and how to avoid vanity scores.
Best AEO Tools (2026): An Honest, Job-Based Guide
The best AEO tools in 2026, by the job you need: track brand mentions, monitor citations, optimize to be cited, or check that answer engines can reach you.
Profound Alternatives: Choosing an AI Visibility Tool (2026)
Profound alternatives for 2026, chosen by the job you need done: budget tracking, SEO-suite add-ons, action tools, or whether AI can even reach your pages.
Claude SEO: How to Get Cited in Claude
Claude SEO means getting cited in Claude's answers. How Claude's web search and the three Anthropic crawlers work, what gets cited, and whether it's worth it.
GEO vs AEO vs SEO: What's the Difference?
GEO vs AEO vs SEO compared: what each one optimizes for, how much of the work overlaps, which to prioritize for your site, and whether SEO is actually dead.
How to Measure Your AI Visibility
How to measure your AI visibility: the metrics that matter, a free way to track brand mentions in ChatGPT and Perplexity, and when a paid tool is worth it.
What Is Answer Engine Optimization (AEO)?
Answer engine optimization (AEO) means getting cited in AI answers from ChatGPT, Perplexity, and Google AI Overviews. What it is, how it works, and what's hype.
What Is LLMO (LLM Optimization)?
LLMO (large language model optimization), also called LLM SEO, means getting cited by ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini. What it is and what's genuinely new about it.
AI Hallucinations: Why AI Gets Your Brand Wrong & How to Fix It
AI tools confidently state false facts about brands. Here's why AI hallucinates about your company, how to find it, and how to reduce and correct it fast.
Best Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) Tools in 2026
The best generative engine optimization (GEO) tools in 2026, grouped by what they do: AI visibility tracking, SEO add-ons, free graders, and reachability.
Entity SEO & the Knowledge Graph: How AI Engines Understand Your Brand
Entity SEO makes search and AI engines resolve your brand to one clear entity in the knowledge graph, so they recognize and cite you correctly. Here's how.
How to Get Cited in Google AI Overviews
How to get your pages cited in Google AI Overviews: why ranking #1 isn't enough, what Google officially says, the citability checklist, and how to measure it.
How to Optimize for AI Search: A Step-by-Step Playbook
How to optimize for AI search, step by step: confirm AI bots can reach your pages, restructure for extraction, add citable substance, and measure citations.
Perplexity SEO: How to Get Cited in Perplexity
Perplexity SEO means getting cited in an answer engine that shows its sources. How Perplexity picks sources, allowing PerplexityBot, and the Publishers Program.
SEO for ChatGPT: How to Get Cited in ChatGPT Search
SEO for ChatGPT means getting cited in ChatGPT's search answers. How it picks sources, which crawlers to allow, and how to appear, per OpenAI's own docs.
What Is Generative Engine Optimization (GEO)?
Generative engine optimization (GEO), also called AI search engine optimization, gets your brand cited in ChatGPT, Perplexity, and Google AI Overviews.
How Does AI Search Work? A Plain-English Breakdown
ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini, and Google AI Overviews all run the same four-step loop: read the question, search, pick sources, write a cited answer.